How is tuberculosis (TB) primarily transmitted?

Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily transmitted through small infected particles suspended in the air. When a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, they release droplets that contain the bacteria into the air. These droplets can be inhaled by others, leading to the transmission of the disease. The infectious particles can remain airborne for an extended period, especially in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces, making this mode of transmission particularly significant in understanding how TB spreads.

This air-borne transmission underscores the importance of using appropriate prevention strategies, such as wearing masks, ensuring good ventilation in healthcare settings and living spaces, and isolating individuals with active TB until they are no longer infectious.

While contact with contaminated surfaces, sharing personal items, or consuming contaminated food and water may facilitate the spread of other infections, they do not play a crucial role in the transmission of TB. Hence, understanding that TB spreads primarily through airborne droplets is essential for effective infection control measures.